December 21, 2012: Is It Real or Hoax? - Part 1 / Scientific Doomsday

It's been a long time since my last article, and I know there are people out there who follow this blog regularly, so I think I owe an apology. From now on, I'll try to write more often and regularly, especially in a time like this. 
Countless people all around the world are asking all sorts of questions about December 21^st, 2012 nowadays, while only a dozen days left to the fearful – or fateful – date. Since I read, search, and think of such matters a lot, I'm asked endless questions on this topic, too. So, I’ll try to share the picture with you along with my own opinions on the topic, and let’s try to decide about what it could be, or what might happen. Anyway, we will see if we’re right or wrong very soon, right?

There are various voices, talking about differing opinions from NASA to Vatican, from – yeah, even – Islamic fundamentalists to Jews, from Japanese Princess who claims to have had a rare spiritual experience – I don’t think she would risk her throne if what she says were rubbish, unless she is a critical head-case, and I believe her up to a certain point exactly – to UFO supporters. continue reading...

Travelling Through Millennia During A Vacation

I walked through the main gates of Perga, one of the greatest cities of Greek, and eventually Roman culture. The first things I saw were huge stone walls surrounding the city, with a gap that served as the main entrance, where they grabbed the horses of visitors to be held waiting for their masters till the visit is over, which was needless for me since I didn’t have a horse or anything in kind.

Surprisingly enough, they didn’t check me unlike they did for the others. Neither did they care while I entered the city grounds. At once, I saw people milling around in their customary one piece clothes. Men in their white garbs, some with quality looking sashes around their belts, and some other with ropes instead of sashes; women with their earthen jewelries and accessories around their necks and on their arms; and kids running around in groups, laughing and playing together.

Main entrance of the city.

Then along a colonnaded main street, there were shops with their goods for sale, and people trading, or checking the items in them. Soldiers walking around in their watch, standing before important buildings, especially in front of a keep closer to the entrance, which I suspected to be some kind of governmental one. I noticed a waterway running through the entire city with its sparkling water coming from the hill which the city nestled on, and running toward the main entrance. It was easy to realize that it was the main life source of that city, which eventually I proved to be right, because when the water dried, the people of this magnificent city would move along, and leave the place to rot and die.

When this thought came to life in my mind, all the illusion disappeared and I saw the city as it is now, after seven millennia of its birth: Rubbles, stones, and remnants of the colonnaded main street, shops, mosaic tiles of the public baths, and the most impressively, the underground watering system that surrounds the entire city, all built between around 1200 BC and 600 BC!

Remnants of the shops

Well, yes, it’s all in ruins now, of course. But when you start walking along the main street and alleys of the ancient city Perga, which is now within the city limits of Antalya, Turkey, you almost see all the life went on and went away in the place. Trust me, it creates an impression almost like you would have while standing in ancient Jerusalem.

This is the second time I visit this fascinating city, but frankly, I hadn’t recognized the depth of cultural sophistication you can see here in this city, due to my young age I guess.

History

In the twelfth century BC, there was a large wave of Greek migration from northern Anatolia to the Mediterranean coast. Many settled in the area immediately east of the area of modern-day Antalya, which came to be known as Pamphylia, meaning “land of all tribes”. Four great cities eventually rose to prominence in the area including Perga.

Perga was founded around 1000 BC and is nearly 20 kilometres (12 mi) inland. It was sited inland as a defensive measure in order to avoid the pirate bands that terrorized this stretch of the Mediterranean. However the nearby Kestros (Aksu) River enabled the town to benefit from the advantages of the sea as if it were a coastal city.

Underground water layout in an ancient city
shocks the viewer with its sophistication.

Water grid covers all around a city
which seems to be huge to its age.

Water "pipes" made of stone extend
from one side of colonnaded main street to the other

In 546 BC, the Achaemenid Persians defeated the local powers and gained control of the region. In 333 BC, the armies of Alexander the Great arrived in Perga during his war of conquest against the Persians. The citizens of Perga sent out guides to lead his army into the city.

Alexander's was followed by the Diadochi empire of the Seleucids. Perga's most celebrated ancient inhabitant, the mathematician Apollonius (c.262 BC – c.190 BC), lived and worked there. Apollonius wrote a series of eight books describing a family of curves known as conic sections, comprising the circle, ellipse, parabola, and hyperbola.

A sight of Agora

Another sight of Agora

A detail shot from the columns surrounding Agora

Roman rule began in 188 BC, and most of the surviving ruins today date from this period.

In 46 A.D., according to the Acts of the Apostles, St. Paul journeyed to Perga, from there continued on to Antiocheia in Pisidia, then returned to Perga where he delivered a sermon. Then he left the city and went to Attaleia.

From the beginning of the Imperial era, work projects were carried out in Perga, and in the second and third centuries A.D. it grew into one of the most beautiful cities, not just in Pamphylia, but in all of Anatolia.

In the first half of the fourth century, during the reign of Constantine the Great (324-337), Perga became an important centre of Christianity after it had become the official religion of the Roman Empire. The city retained its status as a Christian centre in the fifth and sixth centuries.

Due to frequent rebellions and raids, the citizens retreated inside the city walls, able to defend themselves only from within the acropolis. Perga lost its remaining power in the wake of the mid-seventh century Arab raids. Then some residents of the city migrated to Antalya.

After the collapse of the Roman Empire, Perga remained inhabited until Seljuk times, before being gradually abandoned.

Ecclesiastical history

The detail level in the stonemasonry is absolutely fascinating.

St. Paul the Apostle and his companion St. Barnabas, twice visited Perga as recorded in the biblical book, the Acts of the Apostles, during their first missionary journey, where they “preached the word” before heading for and sailing from Attalia (modern-day Antalya city), 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) to the southwest, to Antioch.

Perge remained a Roman Catholic titular metropolitan see in the former Roman province of Pamphylia Secunda. Paul and Barnabas came to Perge during their first missionary journey, but probably stayed there only a short time, and do not seem to have preached there; it was there that John Mark left Paul to return to Jerusalem. On his return from Pisidia Paul preached at Perge.

The remnants of an archgate at the main entrance.

The Greek Notitiae episcopatuum mentions the city as metropolis of Pamphylia Secunda until the thirteenth century. Le Quien gives 11 bishops: Epidaurus, present at the Council of Ancyra (modern Ankara) in 312; Callicles at the First Council of Nicæa in 325; Berenianus, at Constantinople (426); Epiphanius at the Second Council of Ephesus (449), at the First Council of Chalcedon (451), and a signatory on the letter from the bishops of the province to Emperor Leo (458); Hilarianus, at the First Council of Constantinople in 536; Eulogius, at the Second Council of Constantinople in 553; Apergius, condemned as a Monothelite at the Third Council of Constantinople in 680; John, at the Trullan council in 692; Sisinnius Pastillas about 754, Constans, at the Council of Nicæa (787); John, at the Fourth Council of Constantinople in 869–70.

A fallen column head somewhere near the colonnaded street.

Remains

Perga is today an archaeological site and a major tourist attraction. Ancient Perge, one of the chief cities of Pamphylia, was situated between the Rivers Catarrhactes (Duden sou) and Cestrus (Ak sou), 60 stadia (about 11.1 kilometres (6.9 mi)) from the mouth of the latter; the site is in the modern Turkish village of Murtana on the Suridjik sou, a tributary of the Cestrus, formerly in the Ottoman vilayet of Koniah. Its ruins include a theatre, a palæstra, a temple of Artemis and two churches. The very famous temple of Artemis was located outside the town.

Sources: www.wikipedia.org, local sources

A walled section of colonnaded street.

The vein details of a marble column near baths.

The column heads from colonnaded street.

I couldn't understand what this building was before,
but the remains stand near colonnaded street
across the Agora.

Again, a column detail from colonnaded street.

Main water channel runs through the city parallel to the colonnaded street and the shops, from the hills that the city leans on to the main entrance.

GUTGAA - Meet and Greet

Questionnaire

Q: Where do you write?

A: I write in my study. Sometimes I go to a favorite coffee-shop to work outdoors, with a laptop under my arm, sipping some cappuccino or something.

Q: Quick. Go to your writing space, sit down and look to your left. What is the first thing you see?

A: Three motivational pictures of my dream office with some reminder phrases on them. If you’d like to know what they are, let me share with you: “Make Feel Your Presence; Stick to Your Argument; Keep Your Clarity; Make an Impact; Create Influence; Be Proactive!”

Q: Favorite time to write?

A: It varies. However, I can concentrate much better at nights.

Q: Drink of choice while writing?

A: Well, mostly strong coffee, and sometimes herbal tea.

Q: When writing , do you listen to music or do you need complete silence?

A: It depends on my mood actually. But mostly I listen to rock or new age music.

Q: What was your inspiration for your latest manuscript and where did you find it?

A: Latest or earliest, I always get my inspiration from two sources: The real life (real experiences) and dreams I have while asleep.

Q: What's your most valuable writing tip?

A: Well, after all these years spent by translating or writing hundreds of books, I acquired many skills and various habits about writing. Since my approach in translating is to rewrite a book in another language, instead of translating it phrase by phrase, I see translating work as writing, too. So I can say the most important parts of writing, after the inspiration, are layouts (I call them writing maps), and of course, discipline. Anyway, you can’t be an artist without discipline, and this is what I see the new enthusiasts lack most.

Q: After so many books translated or written, you must be a well established writer already. So why do you still need an agent?

A: Well, that would be a rightful question. However, most publishers in my country follows a system different than how it’s done in Europe or The US. This approach creates a vacuum in writers’ agency line of work in my country. And there aren’t many writers in my country who can speak or write in English (which I see the universal language of mankind) much fluently, so mostly they can’t go worldwide. But if you want to do something professionally, and as perfectly as possible, I believe you must work with professionals, and do what you do in a professional manner. That’s why, at this stage of my career as an artist, I believe I need a professional agent who would promote me better than I can do myself. 

Who is Selim Yeniçeri?

Yeniçeri was born in Istanbul, Turkey, in February 7^th, 1972. From his early childhood he began to signal to his artistic potential, and at 8 years old, he began to work as a dubbing actor for Turkish government’s television and radio station TRT, while getting trained on acting by many famous, or legendary, names of Turkish Government Theater. He also acted on stage in many plays, beginning with Macbeth by Shakespeare (Yeniçeri was 11 years old then, and he acted Lord McDuff’s son).

When he was a high school student 14 years old, and with experience in various lines of art so far, it was time for music now. He grabbed the old guitar of a family friend, and began to learn how to make rock music. When he was through the high school, he began his formal artistic training at Mimar Sinan University Academy of Fine Arts as a Traditional Turkish Handcrafts student. Meanwhile, he also focused on his music, and he had concerts in various cities.

When graduated the university, with his own words, since “he read a lot, and he had to find a way to read for free,” he began to translate books from English to Turkish, and he translated his first book The Belonging by William R. Brassell for Okyanus Publishing. This decision was a turning point in Yeniçeri’s life. While working as a book translator, he also studied on psychology and self-help with a leading Turkish psychologist Mahpeyker Kocgunduz, whom Yeniçeri met when he was trying to overcome his problem of genius syndrome.

In 1999, he began to record his first (and only for now) album titled Road of The Kings. All the songs in this symphonic hard rock album were written and composed by Yeniçeri; other than being the lead singer in this album, he played rhythm, lead, and acoustic guitars, piano, and keyboards. However, when the recordings were complete in the beginning of 2000, album proved to be a disappointment for Yeniçeri due to imminent global financial crisis.

At the beginning of 2002, he flew to Philippines. Living in this tropical country for around a year, he made pop rock and R&B music at various bars with his Filipino band named The Diamonds. At the end of the year he was back to Turkey, and taught English for a private foreign language school until 2004.

In 2004, he founded Cosmic Books as the company’s first general publishing director, publishing books about spiritualism, New Age, metaphysics, self-help, and occultism. Again in 2004, he published his first novel titled Enigma. The plot of the book was highly surprising, and a nationwide publishing magazine Kitap showed the novel as one of the most interesting works of the year.

Focusing on his career as a freelancing book translator afterwards, Yeniçeri became one of the best selling translators of his country in 2005, translating the legendary medical work You: Your User’s Guide by Mehmet Oz, MD.&Michael Roizen, MD.

With hundreds of radio plays, dozens of concerts, one symphonic hard rock album, numerous illustrations and artworks, around 300 translated books in various genres, 8 written novels and self-help books under his belt, Yeniçeri is a shining example of putting what taken from books into good use in real life; also a loving husband, and a much admired father of one.

GUTGAA Blogfest!

Just check it out at

http://www.deanabarnhart.blogspot.com/ 

and ENJOY!!!

Changing Times in Publishing Industry

I'm a professional book translator who translated around 300 books from English to Turkish since 1998. Self-help books, various genres of novels, studies and reports, you name it. The highest aim for me to follow this career was something I've learned at the Academy of Fine Arts where I graduated continue reading...

Underdogs

In the movies you see some guys who’re bullied around by those who are luckier when it comes to money, looks, opportunities, etc. And invariably enough, whether we do good or bad in real life about these circumstances, we support the lower guys in these movies. For example, we never supported Apollo Creed – at least until he becomes friend with Rocky – or Ivan Drago – perhaps Americans had reasons to feel hostile to this character, because he was a Russian, but everyone in everywhere was hostile to him foremost, because he was the bad guy – in the Rocky series. I give the example of Rocky, because he was one of the best underdog heroes ever, since the story of this series was based on this notion especially. 

Rich or poor, powerful or weak continue reading...

A to Z Challenge - J for JOE!

I've been thinking what to write about for the letter "J." Since we don't much use this letter in our language, I'm some kind of foreign to this letter, so initially nothing came up in my mind. But then, I saw this clip on a friend's wall on facebook, and it came like an answer to my challenge.

Joe Satriani always stands up among many other virtuosos when it comes to musical quality. However, I admire and respect him for his stance about life, symbols, meanings, and the people that deserves respect. He's never been a snob, and proved this once again. At first sight, a Turkish folk poet might seem too far from rock music; however, Satriani knows quality and real depth when he sees one. Thank you as a Turk, Joe, and hail to your musical talent once again! Coming from Satriani: Tribute to Asik Veysel!

A to Z Challenge - I for Internet

I think it's one of the most important inventions in the entire history of mankind. As an artist, I love it most because it enabled us to get rid of some idiotic mediators, and reach our followers and fans directly with our works. No need to eleborate it more. Everything's out there. Hail to Internet!

A to Z Challenge - H for Heart of Steel and Heavy Metal

God, Creation and Micro-Man

While at university, I was in an intense quest. There was a huge difference between the Islamic doctrine we were taught, and the one that I could embrace with all my heart and soul, so much that, with a strong need of embracing the notion of God with awe, instead of fear, I began to say, “If all these people around are Muslims, then I’m not, and I don’t want to be.”

When I was just three years old, I asked Mom a question, and got angry because I couldn’t get a satisfying explanation:

“Mom, God created us, right?”

“Right.”

“We need Him for everything, don’t we?”

“Yes, we do.”

“But He doesn’t need us, does He?”

“No, He doesn’t.”

Now, I thought to myself in a childish way: It doesn’t matter God or human; why to create something that You don’t need, but that needs you, and perhaps that will prove to be a pain in the ass? continue reading...

A to Z Challenge - G for Galileo

Galileo Galilei 17th Century

Galileo Galilei was born on February 15^th, 1564 and died on January 8^th, 1642. He was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations and support for Copernicanism. Galileo has been called the “father of modern observational astronomy,” “the father of modern physics,” “the father of science,” and “the Father of Modern Science.”

His contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus, the discovery of the four largest satellites of Jupiter (named the Galilean moons in his honor), and the observation and analysis of sunspots. Galileo also worked in applied science and technology, inventing an improved military compass and other instruments.

Galileo's championing of heliocentrism was controversial within his lifetime, when most subscribed to either geocentrism or the Tychonic system. He met with opposition from astronomers, who doubted heliocentrism due to the absence of an observed stellar parallax. The matter was investigated by the Roman Inquisition in 1615, and they concluded that it could only be supported as a possibility, not as an established fact. Galileo later defended his views in Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, which appeared to attack Pope Urban VIII and thus alienated him and the Jesuits, who had both supported Galileo up until this point. He was tried by the Inquisition, found “vehemently suspect of heresy,” forced to recant, and spent the rest of his life under house arrest. It was while Galileo was under house arrest that he wrote one of his finest works, Two New Sciences. Here he summarized the work he had done some forty years earlier, on the two sciences now called kinematics and strength of materials.

Aquarian people are mostly beyond their time, like Galileo proved as one. What made him prominent in history wasn’t his success in his career as a scientist (because in the end of his life, he was casted out by the society), but his amazing visionary personality. He proved, I guess, something much more important than planet’s spherical nature; he proved a notion held true by many, in fact, may be wrong: It doesn’t mean something is right just because it’s accepted by the majority, or by all other people; all the mankind may be wrong about something, while only one person is right!

source: www.wikipedia.org

A to Z Challenge - F for Felines

Felines, or cats, have always been a mysterious beauty, whatever form they come, tigers, lions, leopards, or little pet ones. In the movie “Constantine,” the main character – Keanu Reeves acting – says “they live in both sides.” They are the constant friends of mystical characters (unfortunately it’s mostly witches, but in Dark Age even the scientists or saints were labeled as witches anyway) in movies, fairy tales, or novels. There’s something certain about them though: they’re mystical. 

More than twenty years ago, I came up with an idea about a comic hero who was half tiger and half human. A few years later, The Beauty&The Beast was shot, and we met Vincent, the lion-man. After a few years on again, I modified my comic character, making him an extraterrestrial being that comes from Sirius 17,000 years ago with Earthly timeframe. And the most surprisingly, around fifteen years ago, I read something similar in a book titled “Galactic People” by Sheldon Nidle. 

From "Gorre Saga" - Illustration by Selim Yeniçeri

The thing was that it was so consistent with what I told about the Felines, which I named as “Tigerians” in my trilogy “Gorre Saga” or “Saga of 2012” that I began to realize it all was more than mere fiction. Gorre Saga is a trilogy that takes more than 1,500 pages at total, and I wrote it through a research and inner spiritual search that lasted around twenty years. Today, I know that these creatures of higher spiritual awareness are real, and they inhabit in System A of Sirius Constellation. I will share much more about them in coming months, but for now, I’ll simply say that some of them live among us in human form (not shape-shifters like the Grays, or Reptilians, but they change physical form through predesigned reincarnation). 

And they are the harbingers of a new age in the spiritual history of mankind!

A to Z Challenge - E for Empire (Strikes Back)

Just a few photos for some laugh. How would it be if they were in modern Anatolia?

"Damn, being a Sith master is much simpler than this! Ouch!"

With you... may force be...

A wedding photo in accordance with Anatolian traditions. Yoda seems to be quite comfortable though.

A to Z Challenge - D for Dogons

Sirius Constellation

Certain researchers investigating the Dogon have reported that they seem to possess advanced astronomical knowledge, the nature and source of which have subsequently become embroiled in controversy. From 1931 to 1956 the French anthropologist Marcel Griaule studied the Dogon. This included field missions ranging from several days to two months in 1931, 1935, 1937 and 1938 and then annually from 1946 until 1956. In late 1946 Griaule spent a consecutive thirty-three days in conversations with the Dogon wiseman Ogotemmêli, the source of much of Griaule and Dieterlen’s future publications. They reported that the Dogon believe that the brightest star in the sky, Sirius (sigu tolo or ‘star of the Sigui’), has two companion stars, pō tolo (the Digitaria star), and ęmmę ya tolo, continue reading...

C for Crystal

I was running real fast through the barren ground; like fifteen feet a step fast. I heard some old man yelled at me to stop, because some parts of the ground didn’t exist actually, but just illusion, and that if I set my foot on one of those parts, I would stumble into an abyss.

The ground was brownish orange, and rocky. I thought of stopping, but it was so exhilarating that I didn’t want it. Scenery was iridescent, like some hills would appear ahead, but when I arrive the same level with them, they would disappear suddenly. I didn’t know where I was, but it was so exciting that I though I was in Heaven.

Freedom. Speed. Wind on my face. These were the things I was mostly aware of, and I was running like a wild Mustang. The old man was right, sometimes huge gaps would open right in front of me, but I was so fast that I would jump over them with no hesitation.

Out of nowhere, I saw a castle at a short distance, and I was running to its walls at full speed. When I was next to the outer walls, I couldn’t jump over the gap I suddenly saw in front of me – or I would smash to the stone walls – and fell into it.

I found myself in crystal clear water, running fast along the stone corridors below the castle, and it was even more exhilarating than running above. However, I had a problem of breathing, because I was deep down the water. Water was running so fast – dragging me along – that I couldn’t follow the corners I turned.

Suddenly, when I felt I was reaching to my limit for lack of air, I found myself flying through the huge oak doors of a throne hall. I fell to the ground so hard that I skipped some blocks of stone floor, but it didn’t hurt at all.

I looked around to find out where I was, and I realized I wasn’t an adult, but a child. I was back to my childhood at a place I didn’t know. Moreover, I realized the run was some kind of a time travel to my early years on Earth.

I noticed the stone blocks of walls and floor weren’t brownish orange like the rocky ground I left outside, but whitish gray, and shiny like grayish marble. Next to the throne hall, I found an open door to a library. The leather bound books lined on the shelves were incredibly lovely, and somehow impressive. So impressive that I felt they touched my soul. As I reached for one, I knocked some others down.

That was when I heard some voices, like some people having conversation, which were cut with the noise of falling books. I looked inside the library, and saw some elderly people sitting around a massive oak table at the center of the room.

I was so afraid, and ashamed for my intrusion, that I began to tremble and cry softly. One of the group, an elderly and handsome man, with long face and gray hair, tried to soothe me with a kind voice, saying, “Don’t worry, child, this place belongs to you, only to children. You can do anything you want.”

“I-I didn’t…” I stammered, trying to say something, perhaps apologize for my behavior.

But he insisted that everything was alright.

I was crying uncontrollably, out of shame, and also out of unexplainable happiness.

He told me that the place was where all Indigo and Crystal Children come from. And that’s why it belonged to us. Also he said the reason why I was back to my childhood was that I regained the innocence of a child back. He explained further, saying, “You’re back to us now. And you had to visit this source, because you have to have a better understanding of your Crystal son.”

With a fathomless happiness and joy… I began to drift away from the group, from the room, from the hall…

And I woke up. I was back to real life once again. 

Or should I say only “the physical one?”

A to Z Challenge - B for Braveheart

"Every man dies, not every man really lives."

Yes, it's a GREAT movie. It collected many academy awards the year it was launched. Millions of people saw the movie, and it made an astronomical profit.

Some claimed the story was historically twisted, and others simply ignored it. Scenery was amazing, costumes were awesome, storyline was smart and subtle, adrenaline was real.

As a matter of fact, personally, it's the one and only HIT of my life, which inspired me to make a song titled "Spirits Alive" and influenced my worldview very strongly, which I owe Mel Gibson partly for my success in my career.

But let's admit this: Braveheart goes beyond being simply a movie; it sets a foundational life philosophy that can be applied in modern lives regardless to its historical theme. It doesn't remind us only the natural passion of freedom that's indigenous to mankind, but also the real divinity and sanctity of deep love. Due to one of my career lines, as a motivational writer and speaker, I'm closely interested in the biographies of great people in history. I don't care about their ideology, neither their ambitions, but mostly the path of life they followed. I look at their childhoods, and see how they overcame all the difficulties they faced, and how they turned all the bad cards in their hands into victories, which inspired me to pick a subtitle for my book "A Life Without Complexes": It's Not How You Start, But How You Finish.

To keep a flower that was given to you under your garment,
close to your chest, protecting it through numerous battles you engage
for years to come. Words can't express such a bond the way this gesture can.

What strikes me most about such biographies is all have something common: A turning point in these lives, which indirectly affects the lives of many others. In this example, it was the untimely death of William Wallace's wife. Such turning points make me feel a divine touch, like a switch being turned on. That's why, people like Wallace appear to me as messangers, who come to this world for special missions. And with an event that changes their lives, they find their destiny.

It doesn't matter what we dream for ourselves, or what kind of ambitions we have, there are many great principles and values in such people's lives, to be learned and applied to our own lives. And we don't have to become great commanders, politicians, or public figures who are destined to change the lives of millions. If we change ourselves, the entire world will take benefit of it. After all, even if we believe in reincarnation - as I do - we will be the person who we are now for only once. So, we have to live our lives to the fullest.

The key is what little Wiliam's father tells him in his dream:

"Your heart is free; have courage to follow it."

"There's a difference between us:
You believe people exist to provide you with castles, lands, and titles.
I believe you have castles, lands, and titles to provide them freedom."
William Wallace